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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Within-session practice eliminates age differences in cognitive control.

Vonetta M Dotson1, Christopher N Sozda, Michael Marsiske

  • 1Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. vonetta@phhp.ufl.edu

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Practice within a single session significantly improves cognitive control in older adults, reducing age-related deficits on demanding tasks. This suggests potential for interventions to enhance cognitive function in aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cognitive control deficits are common in older adults.
  • Previous interventions like short-term practice and long-term training have shown promise.
  • The impact of within-session practice on cognitive control in aging requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of practice within a single session on a demanding cognitive control task.
  • To compare the practice effects between older and young adults.
  • To determine if practice can mitigate age-related differences in cognitive control.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen older adults and 16 young adults participated.
  • Participants completed 720 trials of a cued Stroop task.
  • Analysis focused on the color-naming condition in task-switching blocks.

Main Results:

  • Participants demonstrated faster reaction times and fewer errors with practice, especially on incongruent trials.
  • Older adults exhibited a greater reduction in errors compared to young adults.
  • Older adults, unlike young adults, showed practice-related improvements in both errors and reaction times on incongruent trials.

Conclusions:

  • Within-session practice effectively enhances cognitive control in older adults.
  • Practice can reduce age-related disparities in cognitive control performance.
  • These findings support the development of interventions to address cognitive functional deficits in the elderly.