Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026
03:26
Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
Published on: August 28, 2020
Toilet training method is not related to dysfunctional voiding.
Marc Colaco1, Kelly Johnson, Dona Schneider
1Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. colacoma@umdnj.edu
Clinical Pediatrics
|November 3, 2012
Summary
Toilet training method does not impact long-term dysfunctional voiding. Both parent-oriented and child-oriented approaches are acceptable for children aged 4-12 years, offering flexibility for parents.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Toilet training is a key developmental milestone, yet optimal strategies remain unclear.
- Comparing parent-oriented and child-oriented toilet training is crucial for understanding outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare dysfunctional voiding outcomes between parent-oriented and child-oriented toilet training methods.
- To investigate the long-term effects of different toilet training strategies.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed with participants aged 4 to 12 years.
- Demographic and toilet training method questionnaires were administered.
- Dysfunctional voiding outcomes were analyzed between training groups.
Main Results:
- 215 patients (mean age 7.76 years) participated.
- No significant demographic or socioeconomic differences were found between cases and controls.
- Dysfunctional voiding rates did not differ significantly between the two toilet training methods.
Conclusions:
- Toilet training method shows no long-term impact on dysfunctional voiding.
- Clinicians can confidently recommend both parent-oriented and child-oriented methods.
- Parental choice of toilet training strategy should be supported.
Related Concept Videos
01:26The Micturition Reflex
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
01:19Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry
Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
01:22Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
01:26Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Anal
Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development describes the anal stage as occurring between 18 months and three years of age. During this period, children derive pleasure from controlling and releasing their bowel movements. However, they quickly learn that societal expectations impose restrictions on when and where this can happen. This stage marks a critical point where children begin to develop a sense of control and mastery over their bodily functions, as well as their broader...
01:23Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
01:17Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...