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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Current primary open-angle glaucoma treatments and future directions.

Gabriel Beidoe1, Shaker A Mousa

  • 1Pharmaceutical Research Institute at Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) management aims to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Emerging research explores adjunctive therapies targeting oxidative stress and apoptosis for optic nerve protection in POAG patients.

Keywords:
POAGbetaxololbis(7)-tacrinememantinemirtogenoltimololtravoprost

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a major cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Current treatments focus on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), but are not universally effective.
  • Optic nerve damage can progress even with normal IOP levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and proposed treatments for POAG.
  • To explore novel therapeutic targets beyond IOP reduction.
  • To evaluate the potential of adjunctive therapies in POAG management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current and emerging POAG treatments.
  • Analysis of studies investigating non-IOP-lowering therapeutic strategies.
  • Examination of clinical trial data for proposed POAG medications.

Main Results:

  • Established drug classes (prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, etc.) are standard for IOP control.
  • Emerging evidence suggests roles for oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and apoptosis in POAG.
  • Investigational drugs like memantine, bis(7)-tacrine, nimodipine, and mirtogenol show promise, particularly as monotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • POAG treatment requires a multifaceted approach beyond IOP reduction.
  • Adjunctive therapies targeting novel pathways warrant further investigation.
  • Robust clinical trials are needed to evaluate concurrent administration of current and proposed POAG treatments.