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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
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Postthyroidectomy Horner's Syndrome.

Ramon Vilallonga1, José Manuel Fort, Alejandro Mazarro

  • 1Endocrine, Metabolic and Bariatric Unit, General Surgery Department, Vall d'Hebron Universitary Hospital and Center of Excellence for the EAC-BC, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.

Case Reports in Medicine
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Horner's syndrome, a rare complication of thyroid surgery, involves injury to the cervical sympathetic chain. This case report details its occurrence following a total thyroidectomy.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Horner's syndrome (HSd) is characterized by ipsilateral miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, and facial anhydrosis due to cervical sympathetic chain injury.
  • Malignant tumors, particularly lung apex tumors, are common causes of preganglionic sympathetic chain injury.
  • HSd is an infrequently reported complication following thyroid surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of Horner's syndrome occurring after total thyroidectomy.
  • To highlight a rare but potential complication of thyroid surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of relevant literature on HSd and thyroid surgery complications.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed classic symptoms of Horner's syndrome post-total thyroidectomy.
  • This presentation underscores HSd as a potential, albeit rare, sequela of thyroidectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Horner's syndrome can occur as a rare complication of total thyroidectomy.
  • Awareness of this potential complication is important for surgeons performing thyroidectomies.