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Updated: May 17, 2026
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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
Published on: January 23, 2017
Bera in high risk children a 5 year hearing evaluation
1E.N.T. Department, M.A.M. College and Associated L.N.J.P.N. and G.B. Pant Hospital, 110 002 New Delhi.
Summary
This study found that 21.4% of high-risk children aged 0-5 years have hearing loss. Head and neck anomalies were linked to the highest incidence of hearing impairment in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Audiology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Limited global research exists on the incidence of hearing loss and its associated risk factors in children.
- Identifying specific risk factors is crucial for early detection and intervention in pediatric hearing impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of hearing loss in children within the high-risk category.
- To investigate the association between individual risk factors and hearing loss in young children (0-5 years).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective analysis of 593 children (0-5 years) from a high-risk category undergoing Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (B.E.R.A.) over five years.
- Categorization of children based on risk factors including Birth Asphyxia and Head and Neck anomalies.
- Assessment of hearing loss severity (mild, moderate, severe) and type (cochlear, retrocochlear, conductive).
Main Results:
- Overall, 126 (21.4%) of the high-risk children exhibited hearing loss.
- Birth Asphyxia was the most prevalent risk factor (34.06%), while Head and Neck anomalies showed the highest hearing loss incidence (91.66%).
- Bilateral hearing loss was observed in 101 children (80.15%), with mild, moderate, and severe hearing loss affecting 4.80%, 5.64%, and 8.34% of ears, respectively. Cochlear, retrocochlear, and conductive hearing loss were found in 71.31%, 29.90%, and 1.79% of ears.
Conclusions:
- A significant proportion of high-risk children experience hearing loss, underscoring the need for targeted audiological screening.
- Head and Neck anomalies represent a critical risk factor for severe hearing impairment in this pediatric population.
- Early identification and management of hearing loss in high-risk infants and children are essential for developmental outcomes.
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