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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

Olfaction - Quantification and management.

A Mishra1, R L Doty

  • 1Smell and Taste Center, University of Pennsylvania, A-l/19, Sector H; Aliganj, Philadelphia, USA.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details an advanced protocol for evaluating olfactory disorders, including sensory, imaging, and medical approaches. It aims to equip otolaryngologists with standardized methods for diagnosing smell loss and related conditions.

Keywords:
anosmiadysosmiaolfactory assessmentpsychophysicssmell identification

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Olfactory disorders are common and require specialized otolaryngological assessment.
  • Previous work established olfactory system basics and classification of disturbances.
  • A gap exists in standardized, detailed evaluation protocols for otolaryngologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive protocol for evaluating patients with olfactory dysfunction.
  • To integrate sensory, imaging, and medical approaches for smell loss assessment.
  • To provide practical examples of common olfactory syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed protocol incorporating sensory testing.
  • Inclusion of advanced imaging techniques for olfactory assessment.
  • Application of medical approaches used at a specialized Smell and Taste Center.

Main Results:

  • A structured protocol for evaluating smell loss is described.
  • The protocol integrates multiple diagnostic modalities.
  • Common olfactory syndromes encountered in clinical practice are illustrated.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocol enhances the evaluation of olfactory disorders.
  • Standardized assessment improves diagnosis and management of smell dysfunction.
  • This approach supports otolaryngologists in managing patients with olfactory deficits.