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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

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Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice
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Oesophageal candiasis in AIDS.

S P S Yadav1, Rupender K Ranga, Jagat Singh

  • 1Deptt Of Otolaryngology, Pt B D Sharma PGIMS, 30/9J, Medical Enclave, Rohtak- 124001 Haryana.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Oesophageal candidiasis can be the first sign of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This case highlights its typical radiological appearance, aiding in diagnosis and treatment discussions.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Rising Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) cases increase otolaryngologic consultations.
  • Head and neck manifestations are common in AIDS patients.
  • Oesophageal candidiasis can be an early presenting symptom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of oesophageal candidiasis as a presenting feature of AIDS.
  • To discuss the radiological appearance of oesophageal candidiasis.
  • To review differential diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Radiological imaging analysis.
  • Literature review for differential diagnosis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • The case presented with typical radiological findings suggestive of oesophageal candidiasis.
  • Oesophageal candidiasis was the initial presenting feature.

Conclusions:

  • Oesophageal candidiasis is a significant consideration in the head and neck evaluation of AIDS patients.
  • Radiological assessment is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.