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Related Concept Videos

Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Overview of Respiratory System01:23

Overview of Respiratory System

The respiratory system is a complex biological apparatus that facilitates the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between our bodies and the environment. This system plays a vital role in the physiological process of respiration, an essential function for sustaining life.
What is the Respiratory System?
The respiratory system consists of a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary function of the respiratory system is to...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
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Published on: August 30, 2014

Upper respiratory tract and cutaneous diphtheria.

Kishore C Prasad1, Vishnu Kaniyur, Shalini Shenoy

  • 1Department of otolaryngology, 1st floor, Nethravathi building, Balmatta, Mangalore, Larnataka state India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a rare instance of cutaneous diphtheria in a child, alongside typical respiratory involvement. Successful management of the patient, including an anaphylactic reaction to antidiphtheritic serum, was achieved.

Keywords:
DiphtheriaLarynx and CutaneousNosePharynx

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Diphtheria, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, typically affects the respiratory tract in children.
  • Global immunization programs have significantly reduced diphtheria incidence.
  • Cutaneous diphtheria is an uncommon presentation of the disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of cutaneous diphtheria with concurrent respiratory involvement.
  • To describe the management of a complex pediatric diphtheria case.
  • To document an anaphylactic reaction to antidiphtheritic serum and its successful resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 15-year-old male patient.
  • Clinical presentation and diagnostic findings.
  • Treatment course including antidiphtheritic serum and management of adverse reactions.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with a rare combination of cutaneous, nasal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal diphtheria.
  • Anaphylactic reaction to antidiphtheritic serum (ADS) occurred during treatment.
  • Both diphtheria and the anaphylactic reaction were successfully managed.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous diphtheria, though rare, can co-exist with respiratory diphtheria.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for favorable outcomes in complex diphtheria cases.
  • Vigilance for and preparedness to manage adverse reactions to ADS are essential.