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Related Concept Videos

Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Ectopic multinodular Goitre-An unusual case.

R Agrawal1, S R Agrawal, D C Gupta

  • 1Department of ENT, G. R. Medical College, Bunglow No. 1 Palace Road, 474009 Gwalior, M.P. India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ectopic thyroid tissue, often found midline, can also occur laterally. This case highlights a benign ectopic thyroid in an unusual subplatysmal location, challenging previous assumptions about lateral thyroid tissue malignancy.

Keywords:
Ectopic thyroid tissuemulti-nodular Goitre

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue typically presents along the midline, following the gland's developmental descent.
  • Lateral aberrant thyroid tissues were initially presumed malignant, debated as metastatic or primary tumors.
  • Later studies identified benign ectopic thyroid tissue in the lateral neck, suggesting developmental cell rests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of laterally located ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • To present an unusual case of benign ectopic thyroid tissue in the subplatysmal region.
  • To contribute to understanding the origin and behavior of ectopic thyroid tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Case report and literature review.
  • Histopathological examination of the ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • Analysis of the anatomical location and clinical presentation.

Main Results:

  • The case presented a benign ectopic thyroid tissue in an unusual subplatysmal location.
  • This finding supports the concept that not all laterally situated ectopic thyroid tissues are malignant.
  • Ectopic thyroid tissues are subject to the same physiological stimuli as normally located thyroid tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Laterally placed ectopic thyroid tissue can be benign.
  • Developmental anomalies explain the presence of ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • Unusual locations, like the subplatysmal space, can harbor ectopic thyroid tissue.