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Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: A deadly disease on the rise

R S Mane1, J K Watve, A A Mohite

  • 1Dept. of ENT, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College Hospital, Kadamwadi Kolhapur, India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 3, 2012
PubMed

Insights

India faces a diabetes epidemic, increasing risks of complications like Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis. Early diagnosis and Amphotericin-B treatment are crucial for managing this severe fungal infection in diabetic patients.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health concern, with India projected as the 'diabetes capital'.
  • This rise in diabetes incidence correlates with an increase in associated opportunistic infections, such as Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis.
  • Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis, a severe fungal infection caused by Rhizopus species, poses a significant mortality risk, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a significant increase in Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis cases in a specific geographical area between 2002 and 2005.
  • To detail the treatment strategies employed for these cases.
  • To review existing literature and emphasize the critical role of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) surgeons in the diagnosis and management of this infection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis of 13 patients diagnosed with Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis from 2002 to 2005.
  • Review of medical records, treatment protocols, and patient outcomes.
  • Literature review on Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

  • A notable increase in Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis incidence was observed in the study area, with 13 cases reported over three years, a rate significantly higher than previously recorded.
  • The study highlights the effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment with Amphotericin-B in managing the infection.
  • The crucial role of ENT surgeons in the timely identification and surgical management of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis was underscored.

Conclusions:

  • The rising prevalence of diabetes in India is associated with an increased incidence of opportunistic infections like Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment, including antifungal therapy and surgical intervention by ENT specialists, are vital for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality.
  • Increased awareness and proactive management strategies are necessary to combat the growing threat of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis in diabetic populations.
Keywords:
Complications of diabetesMucormycosisNasal EndoscopyRhinocerebral Mucormycosis

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