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Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Defective complement inhibitory function predisposes to renal disease.

Anuja Java1, John Atkinson, Jane Salmon

  • 1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. AJAVA@dom.wustl.edu

Annual Review of Medicine
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system significantly impacts human kidney diseases, with genetic mutations and excessive activation leading to conditions like atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Understanding these complement pathways enables targeted therapies for renal diseases.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The complement system's role in renal disease is established in immune-complex disorders and dense deposit disease.
  • Recent research highlights complement regulatory gene mutations in thrombotic microangiopathies and preeclampsia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of complement system dysregulation in various human renal diseases.
  • To discuss the link between genetic mutations, complement overactivation, and thrombotic microangiopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complement system's role in renal pathology.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations in complement regulatory genes.
  • Examination of the procoagulant state induced by complement activation.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in complement regulatory genes predispose individuals to thrombotic microangiopathies (e.g., atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 and C1q glomerulopathies).
  • Excessive complement activation on endothelial cells, caused by autoantibodies or protein deficiencies, promotes a procoagulant state.
  • These mechanisms are implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus, dense deposit disease, preeclampsia, and antiphospholipid syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic alterations in complement regulatory proteins are key drivers of specific renal diseases.
  • Targeted therapies blocking complement activation have emerged based on understanding these genetic and functional consequences.