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Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis

Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis

Published on: November 3, 2017

Mouse embryonic head as a site for hematopoietic stem cell development.

Zhuan Li¹, Yu Lan, Wenyan He

¹307-Ivy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.

|November 6, 2012

Summary

The developing mouse head, not just the AGM region, is a site for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) emergence. This finding reveals a new source of blood-forming stem cells in the embryonic head.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis

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Published on: November 3, 2017

Isolation of Murine Embryonic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells

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Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture

Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture

Published on: May 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Hematopoiesis
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is the established primary site for embryonic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation.
Understanding the origins of HSCs is crucial for regenerative medicine and developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate potential alternative sites of HSC emergence in the early mouse embryo.
To characterize the hemogenic potential of the embryonic head vasculature.

Main Methods:

Analysis of HSCs in E10.5-E11.5 mouse head tissue.
Functional assays for long-term, multilineage reconstitution and self-renewal.
Lineage tracing using VE-cadherin-Cre transgene.
Spatially restricted lineage labeling of cerebrovascular endothelium.

Main Results:

Bona fide HSCs were identified in the E10.5-E11.5 mouse head prior to their circulation.
Intravascular cell clusters and endothelial cell populations in the head exhibited blood-forming capacity.
Head endothelium, specifically cerebrovascular endothelium, was shown to contribute physiologically to postnatal HSCs and hematopoiesis.

Conclusions:

The embryonic mouse head is a previously unrecognized site for HSC emergence.
This discovery expands our understanding of early hematopoiesis and HSC origins within the developing embryo.