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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals
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Published on: May 23, 2017

A study of subharmonics in connected speech material.

Elena Kramer1, Roland Linder, Rainer Schönweiler

  • 1Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. kramer.elena@googlemail.com

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Rough voice quality in pathological voices is linked to subharmonics in speech. Acoustic analysis reveals roughness correlates with specific spectral measures, though gender differences are minimal beyond fundamental frequency.

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Area of Science:

  • Laryngology
  • Speech Science
  • Acoustic Analysis

Background:

  • Subharmonics are acoustic phenomena often present in spectrograms of running speech.
  • Quantifying subharmonics in connected speech presents challenges.
  • Voice pathology can manifest with rough voice quality, potentially related to subharmonics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between rough voice quality and the presence/amount of subharmonics in connected speech.
  • To analyze acoustic characteristics of pathological voices with and without subharmonics.
  • To explore gender differences in subharmonic presence and voice roughness.

Main Methods:

  • Spectrum analysis of 145 pathological voices (35 male, 35 female).
  • Assessment of subharmonics in connected speech and sustained phonations.
  • Perceptual judgment of voice roughness.
  • Acoustic measurements including modal fundamental frequency (F(0)), irregularity index, and subharmonic power.

Main Results:

  • 77 out of 145 pathological voices exhibited subharmonics in connected speech.
  • Only 34% of subjects showed subharmonics in both connected speech and sustained phonations.
  • Roughness significantly correlated with irregularity index, percentage of low F(0) estimates, and subharmonic power.
  • No significant acoustic differences between male and female voices with subharmonics, except for modal fundamental frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Subharmonics in connected speech are associated with perceptually rough voice quality in pathological speakers.
  • The degree of voice roughness is significantly related to specific acoustic measures, including subharmonic power and frequency variability.
  • While minor gender differences in roughness perception exist, they are not solely explained by fundamental frequency or subharmonic presence.