Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the anterior...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of Pharmacological GIP Infusion on Insulin, Glucagon, and Cardiovascular Responses During Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes·2026
Same author

Novel OGTT metrics do not provide incremental predictive value beyond conventional glycemic criteria for remission of prediabetes in individuals with impaired fasting glucose: results from the PREVIEW trial.

Cardiovascular diabetology·2026
Same author

Disparities in GLP-1 and GIP responses to small intestinal glucose infusion in individuals with well- and poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026
Same author

Enduring improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity predict sustained remission of prediabetes during a 3-year lifestyle intervention: results from the PREVIEW multinational diabetes prevention trial.

Metabolism: clinical and experimental·2026
Same author

Long-term effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate quality on prediabetes remission: results from the PREVIEW randomised multinational diabetes prevention trial.

Diabetologia·2025
Same author

High-efficiency homology-directed insertion into the genome using the engineered homing endonuclease ARCUS.

Nucleic acids research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

Offense and defense: microbial membrane vesicles play both ways.

Ian A MacDonald1, Meta J Kuehn

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, 221 Nanaline Duke, Box 3711 Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Ian.macdonald@duke.edu

Research in Microbiology
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Microbes use membrane vesicles (MVs) to interact with their environment and other organisms. These tiny sacs play crucial roles in both offense and defense, mediating microbe-host and intermicrobial communications.

More Related Videos

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients
08:15

Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients

Published on: July 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients
08:15

Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients

Published on: July 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Microbes inhabit diverse environments, from soil and water to extreme conditions and host organisms.
  • Adaptation to these environments involves specialized molecular tools for interaction.
  • Prokaryotes utilize membrane vesicles (MVs) as a key mechanism for environmental and intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the conserved role of membrane vesicles (MVs) across different microbial domains.
  • To explore the functions of MVs in mediating intermicrobial and microbe-host interactions.
  • To examine the offensive and defensive capabilities of MVs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on membrane vesicles from Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and archaeal species.
  • Analysis of known functions of MVs, including protein secretion, immune modulation, and virulence.
  • Examination of MV roles in microbial and host cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • Membrane vesicles (MVs) are conserved across Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and archaeal microbes.
  • MVs are involved in diverse functions such as protein secretion, immune response modulation, and stress adaptation.
  • MVs facilitate both offensive and defensive interactions between microbes and with host cells.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane vesicles (MVs) represent a highly conserved and versatile mechanism for microbial interaction.
  • MVs are critical mediators of communication and interaction in diverse microbial ecosystems.
  • Understanding MV functions provides insights into microbial pathogenesis, ecology, and host-microbe dynamics.