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Related Concept Videos

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Advances in trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery.

D Solari1, L M Cavallo, M De Angelis

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. domenico.solari@unina.it

Panminerva Medica
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic pituitary surgery, using a transsphenoidal approach, offers improved visualization and patient comfort. This minimally invasive technique achieves comparable results to traditional microsurgery for pituitary tumor removal.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Endoscopic Surgery
  • Pituitary Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Pituitary surgery is an evolving neurosurgical specialty demanding anatomical precision and multidisciplinary collaboration.
  • Effective pituitary surgery relies on integrated teamwork among ophthalmologists, neuroradiologists, endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, and pathologists.
  • Patient outcomes are optimized through individually tailored procedures within this collaborative framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role and benefits of endoscopic pituitary surgery via a transsphenoidal approach.
  • To highlight the evolutionary rather than revolutionary nature of endoscopic techniques in pituitary surgery.
  • To compare the outcomes and patient compliance of pure endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery with traditional microsurgical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a "pure" endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, performing the entire procedure solely with an endoscope.
  • Avoiding the use of transsphenoidal retractors to maximize endoscopic benefits.
  • Focusing on enhanced visualization at the tumor/gland interface and an expanded working angle.

Main Results:

  • Endoscopic surgery provides superior close-up anatomical views and an enlarged working angle with increased panoramic vision.
  • Tumor removal, symptom relief, disease cure, and complication rates are comparable to major microsurgical series.
  • Patient compliance is significantly better with the endoscopic approach.

Conclusions:

  • Pure endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery represents an evolution in pituitary surgery, offering enhanced visualization and improved patient experience.
  • The technique achieves outcomes similar to microsurgery while improving patient comfort and compliance.
  • Endoscopic pituitary surgery exemplifies successful multidisciplinary collaboration for optimal patient care.