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Related Concept Videos

Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and opposite to those on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice
07:15

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

Stress and the developing adolescent brain.

L Eiland1, R D Romeo

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States.

Neuroscience
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adolescent stress impacts brain development, potentially increasing risks for anxiety and depression. Early life stress can alter brain structure and function, with lasting effects into adulthood.

Keywords:
ACTHCA1CMSCRSCVSDGGRHPAHPA axisLRMPNMRN-methyl-D-aspartateNMDAOFCSEMSP-MFTSST-CTrier Social Stress Test for Childrenadolescenceadrenocorticotropin hormonechronic mild stresschronic restraint stresschronic variable stresscornu ammonis 1dentate gyrusglucocorticoid receptorhypothalamic–pituitary–adrenallow respondermPFCmedial prefrontal cortexmedial preoptic nucleusmineralocorticoid receptororbitofrontal cortexpubertystandard error of the meanstresssupra-pyramidal mossy fiber terminal fields

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period of brain maturation, particularly in limbic and cortical regions.
  • Stress during adolescence is linked to increased rates of anxiety and depression.
  • Emerging research suggests early life stress can alter neural development trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the short- and long-term effects of periadolescent stress on brain structure and function.
  • To examine how stress during prepubertal and early adolescent stages impacts brain plasticity.
  • To understand the lasting consequences of adolescent stress exposure into adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on stress and adolescent brain development.
  • Analysis of studies investigating morphological plasticity in limbic and cortical regions.
  • Examination of neurobehavioral outcomes associated with early life stress.

Main Results:

  • Stress during adolescence can affect the maturation of limbic and cortical brain regions.
  • Early stress exposure can lead to enduring changes in brain structure and function.
  • The adolescent brain appears particularly vulnerable to stress-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions.

Conclusions:

  • Stress experienced during adolescence can have significant short- and long-term consequences on brain development and mental health.
  • Adolescent stress may contribute to the increased prevalence of psychological morbidities like anxiety and depression.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for addressing immediate and long-term health and well-being.