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Updated: May 17, 2026

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

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Defining vascular aging and cardiovascular risk.

Stéphane Laurent¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. stephane.laurent@egp.aphp.fr

Journal of Hypertension

|November 6, 2012

Summary

Vascular aging, characterized by arterial changes, is a cardiovascular risk factor. Early vascular aging (EVA) signifies accelerated changes, necessitating clear definitions and metrics for clinical practice.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Gerontology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Vascular aging, structural and functional changes in large arteries, is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor.
Definitions of normal and early vascular aging (EVA) and their link to cardiovascular risk remain unclear.
Standardized reference values are needed to clinically define EVA.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the concept of vascular aging and early vascular aging (EVA).
To discuss the metrics used to assess vascular aging.
To highlight the need for defined reference values for EVA in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on vascular aging and EVA.
Discussion of parameters for measuring vascular aging.

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Analysis of existing definitions and metrics for vascular aging.

Main Results:

Vascular aging involves arterial stiffening and dilation.
Endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickness are key indicators.
Current metrics for EVA require standardized reference values.

Conclusions:

Clear definitions and standardized metrics for EVA are crucial for clinical application.
Accurate assessment of vascular aging can identify individuals at increased cardiovascular risk.
Further research is needed to establish definitive reference values for EVA.