Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Primary oculoleptomeningeal transthyretin amyloidosis with subarachnoid hemorrhages, visual loss, and heart and skin amyloid deposits.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Defining short-term outcomes of minor ischemic stroke due to small artery occlusion in the era of dual antiplatelet treatment: A READAPT study sub-analysis.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2024
Same author

From guidelines to clinical practice in care for ischaemic stroke patients: A systematic review and expert opinion.

European journal of neurology·2024
Same author

Migraine is the most disabling neurological disease among children and adolescents, and second after stroke among adults: A call to action.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2024
Same author

Basilar artery occlusion management: An international survey of gender influence on management.

Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences·2024
Same author

International Headache Society global practice recommendations for the acute pharmacological treatment of migraine.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke
05:32

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Published on: August 11, 2023

A practical definition of minor stroke.

Vittorio Crespi1, Massimiliano Braga, Sandro Beretta

  • 1Neurological Department, General Hospital, Ospedale di Vimercate, Vimercate (Mi) Via Ss Cosma e Damiano 10, 20059 Vimercate, Italy. vittorio.crespi@aovimercate.org

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Defining minor stroke (MS) is crucial for accurate patient outcomes. This study proposes a definition based on hospital discharge rates and 1-year mortality and disability, aligning with a Modified Rankin Scale score of 2 or less.

More Related Videos

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
04:38

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Published on: May 22, 2019

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery
07:26

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Published on: May 24, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke
05:32

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Published on: August 11, 2023

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
04:38

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Published on: May 22, 2019

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery
07:26

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Published on: May 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The definition of minor stroke (MS) lacks standardization, despite its association with good short-term functional outcomes.
  • Current assessment tools like the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) lack homogeneous scoring and timing.
  • A clear definition of MS is needed for consistent clinical assessment and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a clear, evidence-based definition for minor stroke (MS).
  • To identify a specific Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) threshold indicative of a minor stroke.
  • To correlate stroke severity with key patient outcome markers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the SIRIO study database, a large observational study of 2,573 Italian stroke patients from 2005.
  • Analyzed the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at hospital discharge as the primary index parameter.
  • Evaluated outcome markers including rate of discharge to home, 1-year disability, and 1-year mortality.

Main Results:

  • Discharge to home rates decreased as mRS scores increased.
  • 1-year mortality and disability rates progressively increased with higher mRS scores.
  • Proposed a definition for minor stroke: discharge to home rate above the SIRIO database average and 1-year mortality/disability below average.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed definition of minor stroke is consistent with a Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of ≤2.
  • Standardizing the definition of minor stroke will improve clinical consistency and research comparability.
  • This definition aids in better understanding and managing stroke patient populations.