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Updated: May 17, 2026

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Published on: February 25, 2022

Aortic pulse wave velocity measurements with undersampled 4D flow-sensitive MRI: comparison with 2D and algorithm

Andrew L Wentland¹, Oliver Wieben, Chris J François

¹Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, USA. alwentland@wisc.edu

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI

|November 6, 2012

Summary

Radially undersampled 4D phase-contrast MRI provides reliable pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements comparable to 2D PC-MRI. Time-to-upstroke, time-to-foot, and cross-correlation are preferred PWV algorithms.

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Ultrasound-based Pulse Wave Velocity Evaluation in Mice

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Published on: February 14, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Imaging
Biomedical Engineering
Medical Physics

Background:

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a key indicator of arterial stiffness.
Accurate PWV measurement is crucial for cardiovascular risk assessment.
Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) offers a non-invasive method for PWV assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare PWV measurements from radially undersampled 4D PC-MRI with conventional 2D PC-MRI.
To evaluate the performance of four different PWV calculation algorithms.

Main Methods:

4D PC-MRI acquisitions were performed on 18 volunteers using radial undersampling.
2D PC-MRI scans served as the reference standard in 14 volunteers.
Four PWV algorithms (time-to-upstroke, time-to-peak, time-to-foot, cross-correlation) were applied and compared using Bland-Altman analysis.

Main Results:

4D PC-MRI PWV values (3.8-4.8 m/s) were comparable to 2D PC-MRI values (4.6-5.3 m/s) and literature.
Time-to-upstroke, time-to-foot, and cross-correlation algorithms demonstrated reliable and similar results.
Intra- and interobserver variability showed minimal bias (+0.30 m/s and -0.01 m/s, respectively).
No significant differences in variability were found between 2D and 4D PWV measurements.

Conclusions:

Radially undersampled 4D PC-MRI is a reliable and reproducible technique for PWV measurement.
Time-to-upstroke, time-to-foot, and cross-correlation are recommended PWV algorithms for clinical use.