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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

Fibrosis and heart failure.

Ana Maria Segura1, O H Frazier, L Maximilian Buja

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Pathology Research, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, MC 1-283, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX, 77225-0345, USA, asegura@texasheart.org.

Heart Failure Reviews
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Fibrosis, characterized by increased collagen in the heart

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cardiac Pathophysiology
  • Extracellular Matrix Research

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for myocardial structural integrity and force transmission.
  • Ventricular remodeling involves increased collagen deposition, leading to fibrosis.
  • Fibrosis, initially compensatory, can impair heart function and stiffness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts of fibrosis in ventricular remodeling.
  • To integrate histopathology with molecular and physiological changes in heart failure.
  • To highlight fibrosis as a therapeutic target in heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cardiac fibrosis.
  • Integration of histopathological findings with neurohormonal and molecular changes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting fibrosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Fibrosis, both reparative and replacement, significantly impacts ventricular function.
    • Myofibroblasts are key cellular players in fibrosis development and progression.
    • Reverse remodeling and therapeutic interventions show promise in managing fibrosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Fibrosis is a dynamic and critical component of ventricular remodeling in heart failure.
    • Targeting fibrosis offers a promising therapeutic avenue for improving cardiac function.
    • Viewing fibrosis as a 'living scar' opens new strategies for heart failure treatment.