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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

Activ C cervical disc replacement for myelopathy.

L McGonagle1, S Cadman, S D Chitgopkar

  • 1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Journal of Craniovertebral Junction & Spine
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cervical disc replacement effectively treats cervical myelopathy, significantly reducing pain and improving function for up to 24 months. This motion-preserving procedure showed no revision cases in the study.

Keywords:
Cervicaldiscmyelopathyreplacement

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Cervical disc replacement is a growing alternative to fusion for cervical myelopathy.
  • It preserves motion at the treated spinal segment.
  • This study evaluates the Activ C disc replacement outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the clinical outcomes of Activ C cervical disc replacement in patients with cervical myelopathy.
  • To evaluate improvements in pain, function, and depression.
  • To determine the long-term efficacy and safety of the procedure.

Main Methods:

  • A series of patients with cervical myelopathy underwent Activ C disc replacement.
  • Preoperative and 24-month postoperative assessments included VAS, NDI, and CES-D.
  • Data collected from 2007-2009 by two consultant surgeons.

Main Results:

  • Ten patients (6 women, 4 men; average age 54) received replacements at C4-7 levels.
  • Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain significantly improved.
  • Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores improved from 51% to 26.8% at 24 months.

Conclusions:

  • Cervical disc replacement improves pain and function in cervical myelopathy patients.
  • Benefits are sustained at 24 months post-surgery.
  • No revision surgeries were required, indicating safety and efficacy.