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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
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ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
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Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

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Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...

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N-(2-Chloro-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-formamido 3-(2-nitro-phen-yl)propano-ate.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a nitro-substituted molecule, C(22)H(17)ClN(2)O(5). It highlights specific dihedral angles between aromatic rings and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, crucial for understanding molecular interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is essential for predicting their properties and reactivity.
  • Nitro-substituted aromatic compounds are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and materials science, necessitating detailed structural analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the precise crystal structure of the molecule C(22)H(17)ClN(2)O(5).
  • To investigate the spatial relationships between the nitro-substituted benzene ring, benzoyl ring, and chloro-substituted benzene ring.
  • To identify and characterize intramolecular and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into the molecule's conformation.
  • Intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds, were identified using crystallographic data.

Main Results:

  • The molecule C(22)H(17)ClN(2)O(5) exhibits specific dihedral angles: 79.22° (±1°) between the nitro-substituted benzene ring and the benzoyl ring, and 53.03° (±1°) with the chloro-substituted benzene ring.
  • An intramolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond was identified, influencing the molecule's conformation.
  • Weak intermolecular C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O interactions were observed, contributing to the overall crystal packing.

Conclusions:

  • The determined crystal structure provides a detailed three-dimensional model of C(22)H(17)ClN(2)O(5).
  • The observed dihedral angles and hydrogen bonding are key structural features that likely influence the molecule's chemical behavior and physical properties.
  • Understanding these weak interactions is vital for crystal engineering and the design of new materials.