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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.

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Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
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4-Eth-oxy-benzohydrazide.

Muhammad Farman1, Saira Khanum, Shahid Hameed

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a planar organic compound, C(9)H(12)N(2)O(2). Molecules form sheets via hydrogen bonds, further assembling into a 3D network through additional interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for designing materials with specific properties.
  • Crystal engineering relies on predicting and controlling intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title compound, C(9)H(12)N(2)O(2).
  • To investigate the hydrogen bonding and other weak interactions governing the compound's solid-state assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular contacts, including hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions, was performed.

Main Results:

  • The title compound C(9)H(12)N(2)O(2) exhibits a nearly planar molecular geometry.
  • Molecules are organized into sheets parallel to the (102) plane through N-H⋯O, C-H⋯O(carbonyl), and C-H⋯O(ethoxy) hydrogen bonds.
  • A three-dimensional network is formed via additional C-H⋯O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds and a C(methylene)-H⋯π interaction.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing of C(9)H(12)N(2)O(2) is primarily dictated by a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions.
  • The identified intermolecular interactions provide insights into the supramolecular assembly of this organic compound.