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Updated: May 17, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
2-(Furan-2-yl)-1,3-bis(furan-2-ylmeth-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium chloride monohydrate
David K Geiger1, H Cristina Geiger, Jared M Deck
1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-College at Geneseo, 1 College Circle, Geneseo, NY 14454, USA.
Abstract:
The title hydrated salt, C(21)H(17)N(2)O(3) (+)·Cl(-)·H(2)O, exhibits disorder in one of the furan rings. The major and minor components have a refined occupancy ratio of 0.844 (19):0.156 (19). The structure displays intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving the water molecule and the chloride anion. Close intermolecular C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯(furan ring) inter-actions complete the hydrogen bonding.
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Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...

