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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Published on: January 17, 2013

Movements that are both variable and optimal.

Mark L Latash¹

¹(The Pennsylvania State University, USA).

Journal of Human Kinetics

|November 6, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The brain uses motor synergies to stabilize performance by coordinating multiple elements. Motor variability arises from optimizing different solutions, offering insights into neural control across diverse populations.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Biomechanics

Background:

The neural control of multi-element systems involves complex coordination.
Motor variability is a key characteristic of human movement.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the neural control of multi-element systems.
To explore the principle of abundance and analytical inverse optimization in motor coordination.

Main Methods:

The review discusses the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis for quantifying synergies.
Analytical inverse optimization is presented as a method to compute cost functions.
The concept of motor synergies is analyzed in relation to motor variability.

Main Results:

The principle of abundance suggests that the central nervous system forms synergies to stabilize performance variables.
Analytical inverse optimization can identify cost functions underlying motor behavior.
Motor synergies exhibit changes in atypical development, aging, neurological disorders, and with practice.

Conclusions:

The apparent conflict between single and multiple solutions in motor control is reconcilable.
Motor variability can stem from consistent or variable cost functions.
Analysis of motor synergies provides insights into neurophysiological mechanisms of action control.