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Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
Monica A McArthur1, Michael R Holbrook
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD, USA.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines are crucial for public health, especially with over 3 billion at risk. Modern vaccine development focuses on improved safety and efficacy, including live-attenuated and chimeric approaches.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) poses a significant threat in Asia and Australia, impacting over 3 billion people.
- The potential for JEV to be used as a bioweapon underscores the need for effective preventative measures.
- Historical vaccine development began with mouse brain-derived inactivated vaccines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the historical development of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines.
- To review current JE vaccine candidates and ongoing clinical trials.
- To discuss the potential risk of JEV as a bioweapon.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical vaccine development, including formalin-inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines.
- Analysis of modern JE vaccine strategies utilizing cell culture and improved manufacturing.
- Examination of a live-attenuated JE vaccine and a chimeric vaccine in clinical trials.
Main Results:
- Early JE vaccines were effective but derived from mouse brains.
- Modern JE vaccines offer improved safety through cell culture and refined manufacturing.
- A live-attenuated JE vaccine and a chimeric vaccine show promise in ongoing trials.
Conclusions:
- JE vaccine development has evolved significantly, enhancing safety and efficacy.
- New vaccine technologies are critical for controlling JE and mitigating bioweapon risks.
- Continued research and clinical trials are essential for robust JE prevention strategies.
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