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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
08:07

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

[Unilateral condylar hyperactivity].

L H E Karssemakers1, J W Nolte, C P Saridin

  • 1Afdeling Mondziekten, Kaak- en Aangezichtschirurgie/Orale Pathologie, VU medisch centrum in Amsterdam. l.karssemakers@vumc.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Tandheelkunde
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Unilateral condylar hyperactivity causes progressive mandibular and sometimes maxillary asymmetry. Skeletal scintigraphy can help determine if excessive condylar activity requires treatment.

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Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
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A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Craniofacial Biology

Context:

  • Unilateral condylar hyperactivity (UCH) is a developmental anomaly affecting facial symmetry.
  • It manifests as progressive asymmetry in the mandible and potentially the maxilla.
  • Forms include hemimandibular hyperplasia, hemimandibular elongation, and hybrid forms.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the diagnostic importance of assessing condylar activity in UCH.
  • To inform treatment planning by identifying continuous or excessive condylar growth.
  • To introduce skeletal scintigraphy as a potential diagnostic tool.

Summary:

  • UCH leads to asymmetric mandibular and secondary maxillary growth.
  • Distinguishing between different forms (hyperplasia, elongation, hybrid) is crucial.
  • Evaluating ongoing condylar activity is key for effective management.

Impact:

  • Accurate diagnosis of UCH aids in tailored treatment strategies.
  • Identifying active condylar growth influences surgical and orthodontic interventions.
  • Improved understanding of UCH can lead to better patient outcomes and reduced asymmetry.