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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
10:58

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Published on: March 7, 2018

Compact solid-state neutral particle analyzer in current mode.

Y B Zhu1, A Bortolon, W W Heidbrink

  • 1University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA. yubaoz@uci.edu

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current-mode solid state neutral particle analyzer (ssNPA) arrays offer high-bandwidth, pitch-angle resolved measurements for fusion research. This cost-effective method enhances particle influx detection and captures magnetohydrodynamic instabilities.

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High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
10:58

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Published on: March 7, 2018

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Fusion energy research
  • Diagnostic instrumentation

Background:

  • Solid state neutral particle analyzer (ssNPA) arrays are crucial for plasma diagnostics in fusion devices.
  • Conventional pulse-counting NPAs have limitations in bandwidth and cost for certain measurements.
  • Current-mode operation offers a trade-off, sacrificing energy resolution for improved bandwidth and economics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the successful implementation and upgrades of current-mode ssNPA arrays on DIII-D and NSTX tokamaks.
  • To demonstrate the capability of these arrays for high-bandwidth, pitch-angle resolved measurements.
  • To highlight their utility in detecting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities and performing active/passive charge exchange spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Operation of ssNPA arrays in current mode on DIII-D and NSTX.
  • Expansion of NSTX array apertures to increase particle influx.
  • Utilizing sightlines that intersect heating beams for active and passive measurements.
  • Employing directly deposited ultra-thin foils for photon blocking and energy thresholding.

Main Results:

  • Achieved economical, high-bandwidth, pitch-angle resolved measurements.
  • Successfully detected oscillations in neutral flux indicative of high-frequency MHD instabilities.
  • Demonstrated spatial resolution of approximately 5 cm at beam intersection on both devices.
  • Established a low energy threshold of ~25 keV for deuterium particle detection.

Conclusions:

  • Current-mode ssNPA arrays provide a valuable diagnostic tool for fusion plasma research.
  • The enhanced arrays on DIII-D and NSTX are effective for studying plasma dynamics and instabilities.
  • This approach enables cost-effective, high-fidelity measurements crucial for advancing fusion energy.