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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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High-resolution time-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy on NSTX.

J K Lepson1, P Beiersdorfer, J Clementson

  • 1Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. lepson@ssl.berkeley.edu

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Upgraded spectrometers X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (XEUS) and Long-Wavelength Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (LoWEUS) at the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) now offer 12.5 ms time resolution. This advancement allows for detailed observation of plasma dynamics, such as iron evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics and spectroscopy
  • Fusion energy research
  • Instrumental advancements in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray diagnostics

Background:

  • The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) requires advanced diagnostic tools for plasma characterization.
  • Flat-field grazing-incidence grating spectrometers are crucial for analyzing plasma emissions.
  • Previous limitations in time resolution hindered the study of rapid plasma phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on significant upgrades to the XEUS and LoWEUS spectrometers.
  • To enhance the time resolution capabilities of these instruments for improved plasma diagnostics.
  • To demonstrate the new capabilities by observing transient plasma behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Upgraded the X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (XEUS) with a variable space grating (2400 lines/mm, 9-64 Å band).
  • Enhanced the Long-Wavelength Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (LoWEUS) with a 1200 lines/mm grating (90-270 Å band).
  • Integrated new cameras into both spectrometers to achieve 12.5 ms time resolution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a time resolution of 12.5 ms with the upgraded XEUS and LoWEUS spectrometers.
  • Successfully demonstrated the new time resolution by capturing the time evolution of iron within the NSTX plasma.
  • The upgraded instruments provide unprecedented temporal detail for plasma emission analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The upgraded XEUS and LoWEUS spectrometers represent a significant advancement in NSTX plasma diagnostics.
  • The enhanced time resolution enables detailed studies of fast plasma processes and impurity transport.
  • These improvements will facilitate a deeper understanding of plasma behavior in fusion devices.