Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fast Fourier Transform01:10

Fast Fourier Transform

The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a computational algorithm designed to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) efficiently. By breaking down the calculations into smaller, manageable sections, the FFT significantly reduces the computational complexity involved. Direct computation of an N-point DFT requires N2 complex multiplications, whereas the FFT algorithm needs only (N/2)log⁡2N multiplications, offering a much faster performance.
The computational efficiency of the FFT becomes...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow01:24

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessment of hydrological loading displacement from GNSS and GRACE data using deep learning algorithms.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Prediction on a Missing Ferroelectric Butterfly Phosphorus Allotrope and Its Energy-Favorable Low-Dimensional Forms.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025
Same author

Phylogenetic Relationship and Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Cuckoo Species <i>Clamator coromandus</i> (Aves: Cuculidae).

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

A Computational Framework Analysis of Public Attitudes Toward Male Human Papillomavirus Infection and Its Vaccination in China: Based on Weibo Data.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Harnessing near-infrared and Raman spectral sensing and artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring and precision control of bioprocess.

Bioresource technology·2025
Same author

Risk Factors, Microbiology, and Prognosis of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2025
Same journal

Decomposition-based harmonization for quantitative PET imaging across scanners and radiotracers.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Development and evaluation of an in vivo dose-based monitoring system for electron FLASH radiation therapy.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

A novel optical respiratory gating system with a hybrid phase-amplitude algorithm for spot-scanning proton therapy.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Gamma Knife treatment planning using knowledge-based reinforcement learning.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Development and characterization of a novel, small animal external beam irradiator using a clinical high dose rate brachytherapy source.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Deep learning-based dose prediction for MR-guided prostate SIB: Supporting rapid feasibility assessment and adaptive editing margin selection.

Medical physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Fast parallel algorithms for the x-ray transform and its adjoint.

Hao Gao1

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. hao.gao@emory.edu

Medical Physics
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces fast, parallelizable algorithms for computing the x-ray transform and its adjoint, significantly speeding up iterative reconstruction in computed tomography (CT). The new methods offer an order of magnitude improvement in parallel computation, enhancing imaging quality and dose reduction in CT scans.

More Related Videos

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Iterative reconstruction methods in computed tomography (CT) offer superior image quality and lower radiation doses compared to classical approaches.
  • Computational speed is a significant limitation for iterative methods, particularly for 3D imaging like cone beam or helical scans, due to the intensive computation of the x-ray transform and its adjoint.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize algorithms for computing the x-ray transform and its adjoint.
  • To develop efficient parallel computation strategies for these critical components in CT imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Development of fast and highly parallelizable algorithms for the x-ray transform and its adjoint, initially for an infinitely narrow beam in 2D and 3D.
  • Extension of these algorithms to handle finite-size beams in 2D and discussion of their application in 3D.

Main Results:

  • The proposed algorithms demonstrate faster computation of the x-ray transform compared to Siddon's algorithm.
  • Parallel computation using the new algorithms shows an order of magnitude improvement in speed.
  • CPU and GPU codes are publicly available.

Conclusions:

  • Fast and highly parallelizable algorithms for the x-ray transform and its adjoint have been successfully developed.
  • These algorithms are extendable to finite-size beams and are well-suited for parallel computing, with a computational cost of O(1) per parallel thread.