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Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in a dog.

Kazuki Tajima1, Akiko Sinjyo, Toshio Ito

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Veterinary Ophthalmology
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a dog with severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) keratitis, a serious eye infection. Treatment with chloramphenicol and vancomycin proved effective, highlighting MRSA as a key consideration in resistant canine eye infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Canine ulcerative keratitis can have various causes, including bacterial infections.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging pathogen in both human and veterinary medicine.
  • Ocular infections caused by MRSA pose a significant therapeutic challenge due to resistance to common antibiotics.

Observation:

  • A 7-year-old American cocker spaniel presented with severe ulcerative keratitis following nictitating membrane gland removal.
  • Clinical signs included eyelid swelling, mucopurulent discharge, conjunctival injection, chemosis, diffuse corneal edema, opacity, and a deep central corneal ulcer.
  • Initial treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics (ofloxacin, oxytetracycline, polymyxin B, cefazolin) was ineffective.

Findings:

  • Gram staining revealed Gram-positive cocci, and cultures identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
  • The MRSA isolate was sensitive to chloramphenicol, vancomycin, lincomycin, and clindamycin.
  • Treatment with topical and systemic chloramphenicol led to partial resolution but was complicated by nonregenerative anemia, necessitating a switch to vancomycin.

Implications:

  • MRSA should be considered in cases of severe or unresponsive canine infectious keratitis.
  • Topical and systemic chloramphenicol and vancomycin are potential treatment options for MRSA keratitis.
  • Vancomycin use should be reserved for cases confirmed by culture and sensitivity testing when other options are unsuitable, due to concerns about resistance development and potential side effects.