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Related Concept Videos

Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Nucleoside phosphitylation using ionic liquid stabilised phosphorodiamidites and mechanochemistry.

Kerri Crossey1, Christopher Hardacre, Marie E Migaud

  • 1QUILL/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method for synthesizing nucleoside phosphoramidites using ionic liquids and mechanochemistry. This approach efficiently incorporates amino substituents, offering a versatile tool for chemical synthesis.

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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nucleoside phosphoramidites are crucial building blocks in nucleic acid synthesis.
  • Traditional synthesis methods can be complex and require harsh conditions.
  • Developing efficient and greener synthetic routes is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel and efficient method for synthesizing nucleoside phosphoramidites.
  • To incorporate small amino substituents into nucleoside phosphoramidites.
  • To explore the use of ionic liquids and mechanochemistry in this synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ionic liquid stabilized phosphorodiamidites.
  • Employed mechanochemical techniques for synthesis.
  • Investigated the synthesis of various nucleoside phosphoramidites with amino substituents.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a range of nucleoside phosphoramidites with amino substituents.
  • Demonstrated the efficiency and versatility of the combined ionic liquid and mechanochemical approach.
  • The method proved to be readily achievable.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a facile and effective route for nucleoside phosphoramidite synthesis.
  • Ionic liquid stabilization and mechanochemistry provide a powerful combination for incorporating amino substituents.
  • This approach has potential applications in oligonucleotide synthesis and medicinal chemistry.