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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
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Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
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2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

Structural probes in quadruplex nucleic acid structure determination by NMR.

Andreas Ioannis Karsisiotis1, Mateus Webba da Silva

  • 1Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Isotope-labeled nucleotides are crucial for studying DNA and RNA structures using NMR. This review explores nucleotide conjugates for analyzing four-stranded nucleic acids and identifies why some modifications prevent quadruplex formation.

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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Isotope-labeled DNA and RNA are essential tools for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies of nucleic acid structures.
  • Four-stranded nucleic acid architectures, such as G-quadruplexes, present unique structural challenges and opportunities.
  • Nucleotide conjugates offer advanced methods for detailed structural analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of nucleotide conjugates in the structural study of four-stranded nucleic acids using NMR.
  • To highlight the utility of these conjugates for resonance assignments and hydrogen bond identification.
  • To investigate the reasons behind the failure of certain nucleotide modifications to support quadruplex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on isotope-labeled nucleotides and nucleotide conjugates.
  • Analysis of NMR data for nucleic acid structural studies.
  • Identification of structural features and modifications impacting quadruplex stability.

Main Results:

  • Nucleotide conjugates significantly aid in resonance assignments and identifying hydrogen bond alignments in four-stranded nucleic acids.
  • These modifications can improve the population of desired species in structural equilibria.
  • Specific chemical modifications were identified as detrimental to quadruplex formation, hindering their utility.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleotide conjugates are valuable tools for advancing the NMR-based structural elucidation of complex nucleic acid architectures.
  • Understanding modification-induced failures is critical for designing effective nucleotide-based probes for structural biology.
  • Further research into rational design of nucleotide conjugates is warranted for robust quadruplex studies.