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Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

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State-dependent changes in hippocampal grey matter in depression.

D Arnone¹, S McKie, R Elliott

¹Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Molecular Psychiatry

|November 7, 2012

Summary

Hippocampal grey matter loss is linked to current depression but not stable remission. Antidepressant treatment with citalopram increased hippocampal volume in depressed patients, suggesting it

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Neuroimaging

Background:

Reduced hippocampal volume is associated with depression and relapse vulnerability.
Neuroplasticity in the hippocampus after antidepressant treatment is known in animals but not humans.
The role of hippocampal grey matter changes in depression requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if hippocampal grey matter loss is present in medication-free depressed patients.
To investigate if hippocampal volume changes in response to antidepressant treatment.
To assess if hippocampal grey matter reduction is a stable trait in remitted patients.

Main Methods:

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used in a cross-sectional and longitudinal design.
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL) was employed to measure grey matter concentration.
Sixty-four unipolar depressed patients (39 currently depressed, 25 in remission) and 66 healthy controls were studied. 32 depressed patients received 8 weeks of citalopram treatment.

Main Results:

Currently depressed patients showed bilateral hippocampal grey matter reduction compared to healthy controls and remitted patients.
No significant difference in hippocampal grey matter was found between healthy controls and medication-free remitted patients.
Hippocampal grey matter volume increased after 8 weeks of citalopram treatment in currently depressed participants.

Conclusions:

Hippocampal grey matter reduction is specific to the depressed state, not a stable trait in remission.
This grey matter reduction may serve as a biomarker for a depressive episode.
Antidepressant treatment can induce adaptive neuroplastic changes in the human hippocampus.