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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Soil nitrogen dynamics in a river floodplain mosaic.

J Shrestha1, P A Niklaus, E Frossard

  • 1Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

Journal of Environmental Quality
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Restored floodplains enhance nitrogen removal through varied habitats. Heterogeneity in restored areas promotes nitrogen cycling and retention, unlike channelized sections.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • River floodplains are dynamic ecosystems crucial for nitrogen retention and removal from surface waters.
  • Understanding nitrogen dynamics in different floodplain habitats is essential for ecosystem management and restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare soil nitrogen dynamics across diverse habitat patches in restored and channelized sections of the Thur River floodplain.
  • To link nitrogen pools, transformations, and gaseous emissions to soil properties and hydrological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated soil nitrogen pools (ammonium, nitrate, microbial nitrogen) and transformations (mineralization, nitrification, denitrification).
  • Measured gaseous nitrogen (NO) emissions.
  • Related nitrogen dynamics to soil properties (water content, carbon availability) and hydrological factors (sedimentation, inundation).

Main Results:

  • Soil water content and carbon availability, influenced by sedimentation and inundation, were key drivers of nitrogen dynamics.
  • High nitrogen turnover rates were observed in gravel bars and alluvial forests, indicating efficient nitrogen removal.
  • Channelized embankment soils showed lower inorganic nitrogen pools and transformation rates, especially for nitrate production.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental heterogeneity in restored floodplains enhances nitrogen removal via sedimentation and denitrification.
  • Restored floodplains effectively promote nitrogen cycling and retention compared to channelized sections.
  • Potential concerns include localized high nitrogen oxide (NO) efflux and nitrate leaching from nitrification hotspots.