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Utility of a brief screening tool to identify physicians in distress
Liselotte N Dyrbye1, Daniel Satele, Jeff Sloan
1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. dyrbye.liselotte@mayo.edu
Background:
Despite a high prevalence of distress, few physicians seek help. Earlier identification of physicians in distress has been hampered by the lack of a brief screening instrument to assess the common forms of distress.
Objective:
To evaluate the ability of the seven-item Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) to i) stratify physician well-being in several important dimensions (mental quality of life [QOL], fatigue, suicidal ideation); and ii) identify physicians whose degree of distress may negatively impact their practice (career satisfaction, intent to leave current position, medical errors).
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Participants:
National sample of 6,994 U.S. physicians.
Main Measures:
PWBI, Mental QOL, fatigue, suicidal ideation, career satisfaction,and clinical practice measures.
Key Results:
Physicians with low mental QOL, high fatigue, or recent (< 12 months) suicidal ideation were more likely to endorse each of the seven PWBI items and a greater number of total items (all P < 0 .001). Assuming a prevalence of 19 %, the PWBI could reduce the post-test probability of a physician having low mental QOL to < 1 % or raise it to > 75 %. The likelihood ratio for low mental QOL among physicians with PWBI scores ≥ 4 was 3.85 in comparison to 0.33 for those with scores < 4. At a threshold score of >4, the PWBI's specificity for identifying physicians with low mental QOL, high fatigue, or recent suicidal ideation were 85.8 %. PWBI score also stratified physicians' career satisfaction, reported intent to leave current practice, and self-reported medical errors.
Conclusions:
The seven-item PWBI appears to be a useful screening index to identify physicians with distress in a variety of dimensions and whose degree of distress may negatively impact their practice.
