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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
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Clinically relevant study end points in rectal cancer.

Carlos Fernandez-Martos1, Angel Guerrero, Bruce Minsky

  • 1Medical Oncology Department, Fundacion Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain. cfmartos@fivo.org

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rectal cancer trials lack validated early endpoints for predicting long-term outcomes. Disease-free survival (DFS) and local control are key, with pathological complete response and circumferential resection margin (CRM) emerging as novel early indicators.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Clinical Trial Design
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Currently, no validated early endpoints exist for rectal cancer to predict long-term outcomes like local control and survival.
  • Early phase II trials commonly use response rates (pathological complete response, tumor downsizing, TRG, radiological response) as indicators of treatment activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of endpoints in rectal cancer clinical trials.
  • To discuss the suitability of various response metrics as early surrogates for long-term outcomes.
  • To highlight the need for consensus on appropriate endpoints for locally advanced rectal cancer trials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current endpoints used in rectal cancer trials.
  • Discussion of proposed early endpoints such as pathological complete response, tumor regression grade (TRG), and radiological response.
  • Analysis of disease-free survival (DFS) and local control as established endpoints.

Main Results:

  • Disease-free survival (DFS) is frequently used in adjuvant and newer rectal cancer trials.
  • Local control remains critical due to the high impact of local recurrence.
  • Circumferential resection margin (CRM) status is a recently proposed endpoint, potentially reflecting DFS and survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for consensus on the most appropriate early and phase III trial endpoints for locally advanced rectal cancer.
  • Validated early endpoints are crucial for efficient clinical trial design and drug development in rectal cancer.