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Related Concept Videos

Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
Mixing Time01:19

Mixing Time

The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard capacity...
Sample Handling01:02

Sample Handling

Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
Samples should be transported carefully from collection points to the laboratory. They should be properly sealed and clearly labeled to prevent cross-contamination. To preserve the sample integrity, optimal temperature conditions during transport are essential. This could involve using...
Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...

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BrainBeats as an Open-Source EEGLAB Plugin to Jointly Analyze EEG and Cardiovascular Signals
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Arrested demixing opens route to bigels.

Francesco Varrato1, Lorenzo Di Michele, Maxim Belushkin

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Scientists created a new material called bigels from binary colloidal mixtures. These bigels are a type of amorphous material formed through arrested phase separation, similar to colloidal gels but with unique structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Controlling amorphous material properties is crucial in material science.
  • Colloidal gels, a type of amorphous structure, form from phase separation and arrest.
  • Recent understanding links colloidal gels to the interplay of phase separation and arrested density fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and investigate a novel class of materials: bigels.
  • To explore the formation mechanism of bigels in binary colloidal mixtures.
  • To compare the structural properties of bigels with traditional colloidal gels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computer simulations to model phase behavior and structural properties of bigels.
  • Conducting confocal microscopy experiments on DNA-coated colloid mixtures.
  • Analyzing topological and geometrical characteristics of the resulting structures.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated bigel formation through arrested demixing in binary colloidal mixtures.
  • Identified topological similarities and geometrical differences between bigels and colloidal gels.
  • Confirmed the universality of the bigel formation mechanism as a generalization of arrested phase separation.

Conclusions:

  • Bigels represent a new class of amorphous materials formed by tuning interspecies interactions.
  • The formation mechanism is a generalized form of arrested phase separation, applicable to binary systems.
  • Findings provide insights into the design and control of complex soft matter structures.