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Related Concept Videos

States of Water01:23

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
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Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
Gravimetry: Overview01:05

Gravimetry: Overview

Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method where the analyte is isolated and weighed directly or after conversion into a substance of known composition. Gravimetric analysis can be classified as precipitation, electrogravimetry, volatilization, and particulate gravimetry, based on the method used to isolate the analyte.
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Body Water Content and Fluid Compartments01:19

Body Water Content and Fluid Compartments

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Sustainable Development

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Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Visualizing Oceanographic Data to Depict Long-term Changes in Phytoplankton
08:15

Visualizing Oceanographic Data to Depict Long-term Changes in Phytoplankton

Published on: July 28, 2023

A perspective on the future of physical oceanography.

Alberto C Naveira Garabato1

  • 1National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, UK. acng@noc.soton.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Ocean circulation is driven by winds and tides but requires damping to maintain balance. Future research must focus on dissipation processes and the ocean

Area of Science:

  • Physical Oceanography
  • Climate Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Ocean circulation is driven by external forces like winds and tides.
  • Dissipation is crucial for balancing ocean energy and momentum.
  • Understanding the connection between large-scale forcing and small-scale dissipation remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in ocean circulation dynamics over the past 20 years.
  • To highlight the under-researched role of dissipation in ocean circulation.
  • To propose future research directions for ocean circulation and its climate role.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and advances in physical oceanography.
  • Analysis of observational and modeling challenges in studying dissipation.

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  • Synthesis of evidence to support future research priorities.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant progress has been made in understanding ocean circulation drivers and dynamics.
    • Dissipation processes have received comparatively little research attention.
    • Uncertainties in ocean circulation arrest are becoming a key challenge.

    Conclusions:

    • Future progress hinges on addressing uncertainties in ocean circulation dissipation.
    • The ocean's role in the coupled climate system will be a major research focus.
    • Promoting fundamental, curiosity-driven research is essential for advancing the field.