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Medicalization as professional process: postwar trends in pediatrics.

S A Halpern1

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680.

Journal of Health and Social Behavior
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Psychosocial pediatrics emerged from academic pediatricians focusing on behavioral issues, not market decline. This shift created a new division of labor among healthcare professionals.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Sociology
  • Pediatric History
  • Behavioral Pediatrics

Background:

  • In the late 1950s, American pediatricians increased focus on psychosocial and behavioral issues in training and research.
  • An intraprofessional movement aimed to expand the scope of pediatric practice to include these areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins and consequences of the psychosocial pediatrics movement.
  • To challenge the market decline explanation for the movement's emergence.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of the development of psychosocial pediatrics.
  • Examination of the roles of academicians versus community practitioners.

Main Results:

  • Routinization of work, not a decline in demand for sick children, preceded the rise of psychosocial pediatrics.
  • Academic pediatricians, rather than community practitioners, initiated the expansion of the specialty's boundaries.
  • The movement resulted in a redefined division of labor between pediatricians and other healthcare professionals.

Conclusions:

  • The expansion of psychosocial pediatrics was driven by internal academic shifts and work routinization.
  • The movement primarily altered professional roles rather than significantly increasing pediatric treatment for psychosocial disorders.

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