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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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The dysfunctional placenta epigenome: causes and consequences.

Sue-Ann Lee1, Chunming Ding

  • 1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609.

Epigenomics
|November 8, 2012
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors can alter the placenta's epigenome, impacting fetal development and leading to low birthweight. These epigenetic changes may predispose offspring to long-term health issues like metabolic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The placenta is crucial for fetal development, regulating gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Environmental insults can disrupt placental epigenetic regulation, affecting fetal growth.
  • Low birthweight is linked to long-term health risks in offspring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review environmental factors affecting the placental epigenome.
  • To explore epigenetic mechanisms linking placental dysfunction to offspring disease.
  • To summarize how epigenetic changes are propagated across generations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of environmental factors and placental epigenetics.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, ncRNA).
  • Examination of epidemiological data correlating low birthweight with adult-onset diseases.

Main Results:

  • Environmental factors induce epigenetic alterations in placental genes.
  • Epigenetic changes can lead to placental dysfunction and low birthweight.
  • Altered placental epigenetics are associated with increased offspring disease risk.

Conclusions:

  • The placental epigenome is sensitive to environmental influences.
  • Epigenetic dysregulation during pregnancy has lasting health consequences for offspring.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to preventing intergenerational disease transmission.