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Seasonal effect on infants' sleep regulation: a preliminary study in a Mediterranean climate
Dina Cohen1, Osnat Atun-Einy, Anat Scher
1Department of Counseling and Human Development, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. cohen.dini@gmail.com
Insights
Infant sleep patterns differ seasonally. Summer sleep onset is later with more nighttime movement and active sleep in Mediterranean infants compared to winter. Further research is needed across diverse climates.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Sleep Medicine
- Chronobiology
Background:
- Infants' sleep-wake cycles are complex, influenced by development, environment, and circadian rhythms.
- Limited research exists on seasonal variations in infant sleep patterns.
- Understanding these variations is crucial for infant health and development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate seasonal differences in sleep schedule and quality in 7-month-old infants.
- To compare infant sleep patterns during summer and winter months in a Mediterranean climate.
Main Methods:
- A convenience sample of 34 healthy 7-month-old infants participated.
- Sleep was objectively measured using actigraphy in the infants' home environment.
- Data were collected and analyzed for summer and winter months.
Main Results:
- Infants exhibited later sleep onset in summer compared to winter.
- Increased motor activity during sleep was observed in summer months.
- While overall sleep efficiency was similar, summer months showed a higher proportion of active sleep.
Conclusions:
- Seasonal changes, particularly in a Mediterranean climate, can influence infant sleep timing and characteristics.
- Circadian rhythms, environmental factors, and family routines likely contribute to these observed seasonal variations.
- Further cross-cultural and longitudinal studies are recommended to explore these effects in different developmental stages and geographical locations.
Abstract:
Infants' sleep-wake rhythms are influenced by multiple factors, including developmental and contextual aspects, as well as circadian cycles. Empirical studies that address the seasonal impact on infants' sleep are scarce. The present study examined aspects of sleep schedule and quality, comparing summer and winter months in a Mediterranean climate. This report is based on a convenience sample of 34 healthy 7-mo-olds, an age in which sleep is well consolidated and regulated compared with the first few months of life. Sleep was measured with actigraphy, in the home context. It was found that compared with winter, in the summer months, sleep onset occurred at a later hour, and more motor activity during sleep was detected. Although the overall sleep quality, as defined by sleep efficiency score, was similar in the two seasons, in the summer, more active sleep was observed. The authors discuss the finding in terms of circadian rhythms, developmental characteristics, as well as possible environmental factors and family routines, and call for more studies, in different climates and geographical zones, and in different developmental periods.
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