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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

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The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

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Published on: August 12, 2020

Vitamin D and neonatal immune function.

N Clancy1, C Onwuneme, A Carroll

  • 1National Maternity Hospital, Holles St., Dublin 2, Ireland.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in children, especially those of certain ethnicities in northern latitudes. This deficiency impacts immune function and increases risks for autoimmune diseases and severe respiratory infections.

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Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in neonates and children residing in northern latitudes.
  • Children of African, Middle Eastern, and Asian descent are particularly susceptible.
  • This deficiency is linked to impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and immune function in pediatric populations.
  • To investigate the role of vitamin D in modulating the innate immune system.
  • To highlight the need for further research into vitamin D's impact on neonatal and pediatric immunomodulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies linking vitamin D levels to health outcomes in children.
  • Examination of the immunological mechanisms by which vitamin D influences innate immunity.
  • Analysis of the relationship between vitamin D status and the severity of respiratory infections like RSV bronchiolitis.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diminished immune function in children.
  • A higher risk of Th1 autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, is observed in deficient children.
  • Children with vitamin D deficiency may experience more severe lower respiratory tract infections, including Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D plays a role in enhancing innate immunity through the induction of antimicrobial peptides.
  • Further research is essential to fully understand vitamin D's complex role in neonatal and pediatric immune modulation.
  • Addressing vitamin D deficiency may be crucial for improving pediatric immune health and reducing disease risk.