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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation of...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles
10:38

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles

Published on: September 21, 2018

The amorphous pericentriolar cloud takes shape.

Jens Lüders1

  • 1Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Baldiri i Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. jens.luders@irbbarcelona.org

Nature Cell Biology
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The centrosome's pericentriolar material (PCM) is not an amorphous cloud but has distinct internal organization. Super-resolution microscopy reveals a structured domain organization within the PCM.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Microscopy
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The centrosome is a key microtubule-organizing center in animal cells.
  • Pericentriolar material (PCM) surrounds centrosomal centrioles and is essential for microtubule nucleation.
  • Traditionally, PCM has been viewed as an unstructured protein matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural organization of the pericentriolar material (PCM).
  • To challenge the long-held view of PCM as an amorphous matrix.
  • To characterize the domain organization within the PCM using advanced imaging techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Super-resolution microscopy techniques were employed.
  • High-resolution imaging was used to visualize PCM components.

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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

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Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles

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  • Analysis focused on the spatial arrangement of proteins within the PCM.
  • Main Results:

    • Evidence for remarkable domain organization within the PCM was revealed.
    • The PCM is not a homogeneous, unstructured cloud.
    • Specific protein domains and their arrangement within the PCM were identified.

    Conclusions:

    • The traditional view of PCM as an amorphous matrix is outdated.
    • The PCM exhibits significant internal structural organization.
    • Understanding PCM domain organization is crucial for comprehending centrosome function.