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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

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Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
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Antibiotic usage and its sensitivity pattern in the NICU.

R Shrestha1, J M Shrestha, B Gurung

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. ronakshrestha@gmail.com

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal sepsis is a significant concern, with Klebsiella oxytoca being a common isolate. Emerging antibiotic resistance highlights the need for stricter antibiotic policies and environmental controls.

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Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, contributing to approximately one million deaths annually.
  • This condition significantly impacts both developed and developing nations, underscoring the need for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis.
  • To identify common culture isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.
  • To analyze drug prescribing patterns in neonatal sepsis cases.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study included 48 neonates admitted to Dhulikhel Hospital.
  • Data collected included gestational age, onset of sepsis, culture results, and antibiotic sensitivity.
  • Environmental air sampling of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was performed using the settle plate method.

Main Results:

  • Of 48 neonates, 23 (47.92%) had positive cultures, with Klebsiella oxytoca (47.83%) being the predominant isolate.
  • Pseudomonas sp., Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and Enterobacter spp. were also identified.
  • Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed resistance to Ampicillin, Cloxacillin, and Aztreonam for Klebsiella oxytoca, while Amikacin, Imipenem, and Ciprofloxacin showed sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The study observed emerging antibiotic resistance in culture isolates, consistent with environmental samples.
  • There is a critical need for enhanced environmental hygiene and rational antibiotic use to combat infection and resistance.
  • Implementing a formal antibiotic policy is recommended to address the current challenges in neonatal sepsis management.