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Related Experiment Video

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Perspectives on asymmetry: the Erickson Lecture.

M Michael Cohen1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. mmicahel.cohenjr@gmail.com

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study explores the widespread nature of left-right asymmetry across diverse species and biological systems, from brain function and facial features to cellular signaling pathways and evolutionary adaptations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Left-right asymmetry is a fundamental biological principle observed across numerous species.
  • This phenomenon influences various aspects of an organism's structure and function, including brain lateralization and organ positioning.
  • Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying asymmetry is crucial for comprehending normal development and disease states.

Discussion:

  • The abstract highlights the diverse manifestations of asymmetry, including brain lateralization, facial features, handedness, and even behavioral patterns like baby cradling.
  • It delves into the molecular underpinnings, mentioning Nodal, Hedgehog (Shh), and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as the role of the primary cilium in establishing left-right body plans.
  • Examples span from vertebrates (zebrafish, humans) to invertebrates (snails, fiddler crabs, octopuses) and even extinct organisms (trilobites), showcasing the evolutionary breadth of this topic.

Key Insights:

  • Asymmetry is not limited to a few traits but is a pervasive feature across biological scales, from cellular components to whole organisms.
  • Specific signaling pathways, particularly those involving cilia, play a conserved role in establishing left-right axis determination.
  • The study underscores the link between developmental asymmetry and conditions like heterotaxy (situs ambiguus) and ciliopathies.

Outlook:

  • Further research into conserved signaling pathways can illuminate the origins of asymmetry and its role in health and disease.
  • Investigating species-specific adaptations of asymmetry can provide insights into evolutionary processes.
  • Exploring the functional consequences of asymmetry in diverse organisms may reveal novel biological principles.