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Related Concept Videos

The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the diffusion of...
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
07:10

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test

Published on: August 17, 2018

Bitter taste receptor polymorphisms and human aging.

Daniele Campa1, Francesco De Rango, Maura Carrai

  • 1Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. d.campa@dkfz.de

Plos One
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations in taste receptors may influence human longevity. A specific gene variant (rs978739) near the TAS2R16 gene was linked to a longer lifespan in an Italian population study.

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10:50

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08:52

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) Test

Published on: April 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Geroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic factors contribute significantly to human lifespan variation.
  • Taste receptors, beyond mediating food preferences, are expressed in various organs and influence metabolism.
  • Polymorphisms in taste receptor genes are hypothesized to impact the aging process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between common genetic variations in bitter taste receptor gene clusters and human longevity.
  • To explore the role of taste genetics in modulating the aging process.

Main Methods:

  • A tagging approach was used to analyze genetic polymorphisms in bitter taste receptor gene clusters on chromosomes 5, 7, and 12.
  • A population of 941 individuals aged 20–106 years from Southern Italy was studied.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant associations between genetic variants and longevity.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between a specific polymorphism (rs978739) upstream of the TAS2R16 gene and longevity (p=0.001).
  • The frequency of A/A homozygotes for rs978739 increased with age, from 35% in individuals aged 20–70 to 55% in centenarians.
  • These findings suggest a correlation between genetic variations in taste receptors and extended lifespan.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variations in bitter taste receptors, specifically the rs978739 polymorphism, may play a role in human longevity.
  • Taste genetics could be a novel factor influencing the aging process and lifespan.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms linking taste receptor genetics to longevity.