Professional identity and nursing: contemporary theoretical developments and future research challenges

Area of Science:

• Nursing
• Professional Identity Development
• Self-Concept Theory

Background:

• The theoretical underpinnings of professional identity in nursing lack clarity.
• Empirical evidence regarding the presence and mutability of professional identity is scarce in nursing research.
• Existing literature often overlooks the developmental trajectory of professional identity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a conceptual framework for professional identity as a consequence of self-concept development.
• To identify measurable concepts for enhancing student and registered nurse retention.
• To explore factors influencing professional identity throughout a nursing career.

Main Methods:

• Literature review to identify theoretical origins and empirical gaps.
• Development of a professional identity pathway model.
• Exploration of influencing factors on professional identity.

Main Results:

• Professional identity evolves throughout an individual's lifetime, starting before nursing education.
• Nursing education is a critical period for developing professional identity, distinguishing nurses from laypersons.
• Self-concept, career focus, and meaning are key components in professional identity formation.

Conclusions:

• Longitudinal studies are recommended to track changes in professional identity from student to graduate levels.
• Further empirical research is needed on the theoretical concepts and influencing factors of professional identity.
• Findings can inform enhanced nursing career support and improved workforce policies.