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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke
06:37

Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke

Published on: July 14, 2023

Electrolyte changes in stroke.

M N Alam1, M J Uddin, K M Rahman

  • 1Upazilla Health Complex, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|November 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia and hypokalemia, are common in acute stroke patients. These changes occur similarly in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke types, indicating a need for monitoring.

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Stroke, a leading cause of disability, is often associated with electrolyte disturbances.
  • Understanding electrolyte changes in acute stroke is crucial for patient management and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare serum electrolyte (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻) changes in patients with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
  • To determine the prevalence of hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia, and hyperchloremia in stroke subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Serum electrolyte levels (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻) were measured in 110 acute stroke patients (55 ischemic, 55 hemorrhagic).
  • Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing t-tests and chi-square tests for statistical comparison.
  • Patient demographics including age and sex ratio were recorded for both stroke groups.

Main Results:

  • Hyponatremia was prevalent in both stroke types (41.8% ischemic, 52.72% hemorrhagic), with no significant difference between groups.
  • Hypokalemia was more common than hyperkalemia in both ischemic (27.22%) and hemorrhagic (38.18%) stroke.
  • Abnormal chloride levels were observed in 60% of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke patients, with hypochloremia being more frequent.

Conclusions:

  • Electrolyte imbalances, especially hyponatremia and hypokalemia, are common in acute stroke and occur with similar frequency in both ischemic and hemorrhagic types.
  • The findings suggest that electrolyte monitoring is important for all acute stroke patients, regardless of the stroke subtype.
  • Further research could explore the clinical implications and management strategies for these electrolyte disturbances in stroke care.