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Related Concept Videos

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters01:23

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters

Drug absorption involves the movement of drugs from the point of administration into the systemic circulation. Initially, Gastrointestinal (GI) motility propels the drug through the digestive tract and into the stomach. However, the stomach's high acidity and limited surface area restrict its role in drug absorption for most drugs. The drug then moves from the stomach to the small intestine via gastric emptying, which can be slowed by various factors, including interactions with other...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability01:30

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability

The drug distribution process within the human body is a complex interplay of various physicochemical properties inherent to the drugs. These properties, including molecular size, ionization degree, partition coefficient, and stereochemical nature, significantly impact how drugs permeate biological membranes to reach their target tissues.
Small molecules with a molecular weight below 500 to 600 Daltons can easily pass through the capillary membrane, gaining access to different tissues. Larger...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either weak...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Regional variations in percutaneous absorption.

Hadar Lev-Tov1, Howard I Maibach

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD
|November 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Percutaneous absorption (PA) varies by skin site. Current data suggests higher PA on the forehead and genital skin, but more research is needed to map these differences.

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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Percutaneous absorption (PA) is the passage of substances through the skin's stratum corneum.
  • Understanding PA is crucial for dermatopharmacology and occupational health.
  • Skin absorption rates depend on various factors, including the application site.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current data on regional variations in percutaneous absorption.
  • To identify potential anatomical differences in skin absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature searches of Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science.
  • Screening of studies for multiple anatomical sites, validated methods, and human subjects.

Main Results:

  • Eight relevant studies were identified and data were extracted.
  • Preliminary data suggests increased PA in forehead and genital skin compared to other regions.

Conclusions:

  • Regional variations in PA are complex and require further investigation.
  • Current data is limited but indicates potential differences in skin absorption across body sites.
  • Future research should aim to create an anatomical PA map to guide mechanistic studies.